Impacts Of Tourism On Natural Environment And Enhancement Tourism Essays

Effects Of Tourism On Natural Environment And Enhancement Tourism Essays Effects Of Tourism On Natural Environment And Enhancement Tourism Essay Effects Of Tourism On Natural Environment And Enhancement Tourism Essay Before lucubrating the relativity of Tourism and condition, it is important to comprehend them independently. Relativity is to isolate differentiate and portray between two unique qualities for understanding their dependableness upon one another. The travel industry is currently a marvel, non only a straightforward excursion movement. It other than must be viewed as that touristry and tourer are two distinct highlights. Approaches separate thus and it very well may be characterized orchestrating to the two worries: It [ touristry ] is a human movement which includes human conduct, use of assets, and connection with others, monetary frameworks and conditions. Bull, 1991:1 refered to in Holden, A. ( 2008 ) . From referenced definition touristry is predominantly centered around nature or cultural aspects, where author has inspected touristry on the balance of ecological highlights. Another worry could be from the individual situation of a visitant or tourer, again I would wish to advert a definition from Holden s initiation ; where he utilized another essayist s definition to recognize from the old purpose of position. The travel industry as: a mentality to the universe or a way of seeing the universe, non needfully what we find just at the terminal of a long and backbreaking excursion Franklin, 2003:33 refered to in Holden, A. ( 2008 ) . This definition is increasingly individualistic and from the situation of a tourer as an individual element. Here close to home experience is increasingly significant for a shopper. The travel industry is non an extremely old study for universe yet travel defiantly is. The travel industry is a greater amount of inferring a surpassing encounter than an ordinary life, while travel can stay of arranged grounds behind it. Yet, fitting to Hunter and Green ( 1995, pp: 1 ) There is no generally acknowledged meaning of touristry. This is non amazing, since what establishes a traveler and the travel industry are still undertakings of cont ention. In footings of touristry, Environment is ever comprehended as a nature or vibe of a completion or a topographic point which is utilized for touristry. Nature comprises of mountains, H2O assets, for example, ocean side, ocean, waterways, cascades and so on. Green condition incorporates workss, woods, Parkss, downpour backwoods, safaris and so forth when expounded to wild it comprises natural life, enliven creatures, timberland species, etc. Socially ; legacy destinations or social peculiarity is other than a bit of a situation. In ecological surveies it has typically been accepted that there exists a cardinal association between a general public s heading of characteristic assets and its perceptual experience of nature. Brunn and Kalland ( 1995:1 ) refered to in Holden, A. ( 2008 ) . Ecological surveies and records are enormous and circulations of its highlights are significant. In the event that we take a gander at it from an alternate position it appears condition comprises of entir e universe ( populating or non living presences ) including universes, quicken creatures, workss and assets. From advancement universes are using natural assets. At the point when watched this utilization or misfortune, it is arranged as Environmental study. Opposition and Resilience are two separations in this study, where Resistance is resistance of the site ( while gaining utilized and as yet being undisturbed ) and Resilience is the capacity to recover from the happened misfortune or modification. A few destinations have either characteristics or some non. Henceforth because of its highlights, Hunter and Green ( 1995 ) expressed that condition can be partitioned into three constituents as the physical condition or a biotic domain which incorporates sunlight based vitality, soil, H2O and clime . The travel industry and Environment are together: It is understandable that human commitment with condition will in general use the assets, in the event that it ca nt help to do them turn at any rate they can be spared from future amendss by use of wise human conduct. Investigation of touristry condition is tied in with understanding the reason and result guideline and to hint speculations to secure the ecological misfortune because of mass touristry. It is other than significant that Tourism should put alongside the higher caliber of condition and condition will gain profit by it non the damage. No vulnerability each human activity has its ain advantages and disadvantages and weakness of nature assets must non be sincerely hurt by it. The travel industry is without a vulnerability one of the universe s top beneficial enterprises and financial increments are higher ( whether on the expense of condition ) and connection among touristry and condition can obtain equilibrate if monetary total compensations get utilization in the protect ion plans or ecological maintainability. Effects of Tourism on condition: All exercises expend assets and deliver squander, perchance all exercises have a potential to mess up nature, and in same setting Tourism is no prohibition. The travel industry has created as a biggest industry and any action occurs at a mass degree unequivocally leaves it s positive and negative effects, for example, touristry did in the days of old. Despite the fact that non the example that each natural activity is delivered by touristry yet at the same time being a mass industry it influenced on a more extensive stage. Regardless of whether its bring forthing another site or a legacy site utilized for various planned, some way or another condition is gaining a troublesome clasp by this. The travel industry has some negative effects on the earth. By contamination, Numberss of people using constrained assets, conduct of tourers while on excursions, etc are a portion of the causes which straight or by implication influences condition. It might incorporate both physical and social fe atures. Except if pull offing at all degree it is difficult to gracefully explicit thought to every asset and this is the manner by which this turns into a negative feature towards touristry, condition needs to pay such cost by misfortune to the common scenes to sea shores, coral reefs or legacy locales. Outpouring brought about by touristry boss concerns looked by touristry exchange today. The sewerage squander from tourer resorts are depleted into the waterways doing contamination in the stream H2O lastly to the ocean bed, it very influences the marine life. Outrageous utilization of regular asset that is petroleum derivative to deliver vitality for tourer action, the exercises of overfishing, unneeded use of land H2O assets, are simply not many of employments which are made by touristry industry which in twist causes the decline of the asset. As touristry develops, it other than offer guardianships to expanded littering, grouped signifiers of contamination for example commotion, H2O, air. Sewage and waste got expanded in some cases to unmanageable degrees. Nearby interest for travel gets high and figure of vehicles green goodss army gases and commotion in air. In nations where assets are constrained, touristry builds up a feeling of rivalry, taking to a wide range of corruption. Positive effects: In any case, we ought to non only observe at the clouded side of the Moon if touristry has its costs, its wages back each piece great, as touristry develops it positively elevate a few different businesses to lift next to each other. At whatever point a completion is chosen to create as a touristry finish specialists and arranging beginnings put endeavors for the recovery of the topographic point. It comprises of restoration of a nation or a site and embellishes the neighborhood condition. Therefore this technique brings new colorss to the site. Any basic site when goes under touristry position, its common assets gets specific going to from the force offing natural structures, where each piece taught touristry designers knows the estimation of a characteristic asset and keeping up this in head they forestall any maltreatment or mischief to it. There is a squeezing request to comprehend the connections between tourers, touristry and the earth. Numerous new signifiers of tourer ingestion spin around ecological quality and the respect for nature. One more ground for the negative picture of touristry may be that it is difficult to remove the effect of touristry from different signifiers of financial movement in certain completion nations . Shaw g. , Williams A.M. ( 2002 ) Various outlines and occasion surveies are accessible where touristry has demonstrated a Jesus to lowering financial frameworks, alongside conservative advantages ; it is useful in urbanization of dead towns. Because of the travel industry numerous worries create and individuals get utilized, on a cultural degree touristry keeps all networks together and associated. Any tourer s cultural commitment and wonts are constrained by the conduct in which s/he is originating from and an entrance can be created so as to get positive reaction from tourers. Proper instructive data framework towards condition can be an extremely utile device. Exchange touristry is creating: These all are a few explanations how another strain of tourers is creating called eco-vacationers and manageability came in noticeable radiation in 80 s because of previously happened mass destruction in natural assets. Practical Development build came in going to from 1980 s and in March 1980, World Conservation Strategy ( WCS ) was readied. IUCN, UNEP, WWF, FFO and UNESCO joined authorities for universe s living assets. WCS was a protection plot where biological system debasement annihilation, deforestation, desertification, contamination, earth disintegrating and familial decent variety and termination of species and many related issues were in treatment. The connection between monetary turn of events and the conservation and nutriment of normal assets is build of economical turn of events. Despite the fact that these thoughts were at that point in air from numerous mature ages at that cut however WCS examined numerous extraordinary adjustments go oning to condition and WCS was demonstrated as a range between front thoughts and ulterior activities. Another significant outcome was constitution of WCED ( World com

Ion and Pb2+ Ions Essay

Trial 14 Topic Purpose Procedure : Qualitative examination : To decide the cations and anions of inorganic substances : (a) Solids KA1 and KA2 are basic salts. Do the accompanying analyses with strong KA1 to distinguish its cation and anion. (b) You are then required to do a couple of analyses to recognize the cation and anion present in strong KA2. In all the tests, the reagent ought to be included bit by bit until no further change is watched. Derive what you can about KA1 and KA2. Perceptions ought to incorporate subtleties of shading changes, hastens, and tests on gases developed. Tests on KA1 Test (an) Add weaken hydrochloric corrosive to a limited quantity of strong KA1, at that point warm delicately. (b) Dissolve strong KA1 in refined water and channel. Utilize separate segments of the filtrate for the accompanying tests. (I) Add fluid sodium hydroxide, at that point in abundance. (ii) Add fluid smelling salts, at that point in overabundance followed by watery ammonium chloride. (iii) Add fluid iron (III) chloride, at that point warm. (iv) Add watery silver nitrate, trailed by weaken nitric corrosive. (v) Add watery disodium hydrogen phosphate. (vi) Add fluid potassium chromate (VI) trailed by weaken hydrochloric corrosive. Perception Solutions smells like vinegar. Conclusion Solution contains CH3COO-particles. A white encourage is framed. Arrangement turns overcast and a white encourage is framed. Arrangement contains either Pb2+ particles, Zn2+ particles or Al3+ particles. Arrangement contains either Pb2+ particles or Al3+ particles. Arrangement contains CH3COO-particles. Arrangement contains CH3COO-particles. Arrangement contains Pb2+ particles. Arrangement contains Pb2+ particles. Arrangement turns earthy colored and a white encourage is framed. A white accelerate is framed. Arrangement turns white and a white encourage is framed. A yellow accelerate is framed. Personality of KA1: KA1 contains Pb2+ particles and CH3COO-particles. Tests on KA2 Test (an) Add concentrated hydrochloric corrosive and test for gas(es) advanced by utilizing lime water. (b) Dissolve KA2 in weaken nitric corrosive. Utilize separate segments of the answer for the accompanying tests. (I) Add weaken sodium hydroxide. (ii) Add potassium hexacyanoferrate (II). Perception Lime water turns pasty. Conclusion The response discharges carbon dioxide gas. Arrangement contains CO32-particles. A blue hasten is shaped. Arrangement turns dim earthy colored. Arrangement contains Cu2+ particles. Arrangement contains Cu2+ particles. Character of KA2: KA2 contains Cu2+ particles and CO32-particles.

Essay on Recycling and its Importance for the Environment

Essay on Recycling and its Importance for the Environment Why Recycling is Important for the Environment? May 16, 2019 in Ecology Introduction As far as the population in the world is growing, every person brings the significant quantity of waste to the planet throughout his/her lifespan. Only in New York, people produce so much litter in one day that it is enough to fill the whole Empire State building. However, if every individual repurposed the copy of the newspaper The New York Times, it would be possible to save 75,000 trees (Schenker, 2014). Nowadays, natural resources and energy are being used too fast: every second, rapid deforestation destroys the forests by producing tons of waste. The process of recycling is essential to the environment as it can improve it in multiple ways. This paper discusses all the environmental benefits of recycling as well as presents the new and creative ways of this process.

Who Can Vote in Canadian Elections

Much like the system of government in the United States, there are three levels of government in Canada: federal, provincial or territorial,  and local. Since Canada has a parliamentary system, its not quite the same as the American electoral process, and some of the rules are different. For instance,  Canadians who are at least 18 years old and inmates in a correctional institution or a federal penitentiary in Canada may vote by special ballot in federal elections, by-elections, and referendums, regardless of the length of the term they are serving. In the U.S., voting by felons is not regulated at the federal level, and only two American states allow incarcerated people to vote.   Canada uses a plurality voting system, which allows each voter to vote for one candidate per office. The candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected, even though he or she may not have a majority of total votes cast. In Canadian federal elections, this is how each district chooses the member who will represent it in Parliament. The rules for elections at the local level in Canada can vary, depending on the purpose of the election and where its being held.   Federal Elections To vote in a Canadian federal election, you must be a Canadian citizen and be 18 or older on election day. The names of most eligible voters in Canada will appear on the National Register of Electors.  This is a database of basic information drawn from various federal and provincial sources, including the Canada Revenue Agency, provinces and territories motor vehicle registries, and the Citizenship and Immigration Canada department. The National Register of Electors is used to prepare the preliminary list of electors for Canadian federal elections. If you want to vote in Canada and youre not on the list, you have to get on the list  or be able to demonstrate your eligibility through other qualifying documentation.   The  Chief Electoral Officer of Canada  and the Assistant Chief Electoral Officer are  not  allowed to vote in a Canadian federal election in order to maintain impartiality. Do You Have to Be a Citizen in Canada to Vote? In most Canadian provinces and territories, only citizens may vote. Until the late 20th and early 21st centuries, British subjects who werent citizens but resided in a Canadian province or territory were eligible to vote in elections at the provincial/territorial level.   In addition to being a Canadian citizen, most provinces and territories require voters to be 18 years old and a resident of the province or territory for six months prior to election day.   There are a few variations on those rules, however. In the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, a voter  must live there for a year prior to election day in order to be eligible. In Ontario, theres no restriction on how long a citizen needs to live there before voting, but refugees, permanent residents, and temporary residents arent eligible.   New Brunswick requires citizens to reside there for 40 days prior to a provincial election to be eligible. Newfoundland voters have to live in the province the day before polling (voting) day to qualify for provincial election voting. And in Nova Scotia, citizens must live there for six months before the day an election is called. In Saskatchewan, British subjects (that is, anyone who resides in Canada but has citizenship in another British Commonwealth) may still vote in municipal elections. Students and military personnel who move into the province are immediately eligible to vote in Saskatchewans elections.

The Effects Of Childhood Trauma On Children s Personality

Abstract The importance of Childhood Trauma is associated with the way children react later on in their life, as it plays an important role. There are several different types of maltreatment that are associated with abuse that can harm the child in the long run. Any type of physical abuse, emotional abuse or sexual abuse contributes to the negative affects that can change the child’s personality. If the child’s parents obtain physical neglect or emotional neglect, it can factor in changing a child’s moods, as it causes them to change into a different person. This experience causes them to develop different types of personality disorders such as Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Paranoia, Schizoid, and Schizotypal. Many children are affected through the terrible experience which develops mistrust in the world, and later causes them to turn against society because of the constant neglect that is inflicted onto them. Childhood Trauma is associated with the negative events that are obtained in a child’s life time, through the emotional and physical pain that it endures. Traumatic events cause personality disorders because of how it changes the moods of child and causes them to fear life as a whole. The relationship between a caregiver and a child, is very important as they are the primary role in the child’s life in receiving love and affection. In my personal experience, I have been surrounded with lots of care, as both my parents were raised to show affectionShow MoreRelatedChildhood Trauma And The Personality Disorders Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Trauma affects more than twenty-five percent of children in America every year (NCMHP, 2012). This astounding statistic implies that multitudes of individuals are now dealing with the chronic results that these traumas induce, one reoccurring result being personality disorder. 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Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream Free Essays

Science Fair 2012 By Anna Neuber Question If I put ice cream to bake in an oven, will the egg white and sugar mixture insulate it well enough so it won’t melt? Hypothesis If I put the ice cream into the egg white mixture and heat it up in the oven at 260 °, it will not melt because of the insulation. Variables Independent Variables The independent variables are those that are changed throughout the experiment. In my experiment I am going to change the amount of egg white mixture on the ice cream (in my first experiment I put very little and the experiment didn’t work out). We will write a custom essay sample on Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also be changing the type of ice cream. This will not affect the experiment but it will change the taste. Dependent Variable The dependent variable is the one that is measured during the experiment. I will be measuring/observing the texture and outcome of the ice cream after it has been baked in the oven. Controlled Variables The controlled variables are the ones that you try to keep constant throughout your experiment so that they don’t affect your experiment. I will be keeping the temperature of the oven the same and the type of cookie that I place the ice cream on. Background Research Ice cream usually melts when exposed to heat. This is an observable physical change. But could there be a way to keep it in tact without letting it melt? In fact, there is a way! Americans eat this as a treat and call it â€Å"Baked Alaska†. In effect it is ice cream covered in an egg white mixture put into an oven. Why doesn’t it melt? The egg whites mixture acts as an insulator and keeps the ice cream cool. The air bubbles slow down the penetration of heat from the outside. Once baked, the dessert is hot on the outside and freezing on the inside. If I put the bowl of ice cream into the egg white mixture and then on the cookie and put it into the oven at 260 degrees Celsius, will it melt or will it stay intact because of the insulation? Oven baked ice cream isn’t an experiment like mixing metals with acids. It’s actually a dessert. The name it was given is â€Å"Baked Alaska†. The name â€Å"Baked Alaska† comes from Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York City in 1876, and was created in honor of the newly acquired territory of Alaska. It is basically hard ice cream on a bed of sponge cake. The process is simple; this ‘cake’ is kept in the freezer until serving time, when it is placed in a very hot oven, just long enough to brown the meringue. Baked Alaska and similar desserts use the insulating properties of the trapped air in the cellular structure of the foams (the meringue and sponge cake) which keeps the heat from reaching the ice cream. Early versions of this dessert consisted of ice cream covered in a very hot pastry crust. (Ehler, 1990-2012) Since ice cream doesn’t really leave a trace like pots or weapons, there is not much history about ice cream. It is said that people living in places in prehistoric times where snow and ice were abundant made themselves a sort of â€Å"sorbet† by adding fruits to give the ice a flavor. Also, some left over ice houses, where ice was produced, have been found. Ice houses are known to have existed as early as 2,000 B. C. in Mesopotamia. They were built by rich Mesopotamians. Also, some Egyptian Pharaohs ordered ice from the colder regions to be shipped into Egypt. A lot later on, the Arabs began using syrup and sugar instead of honey. In the 10th century B. C. , ice cream was sold in all major Arab cities. The Chinese also picked up the use of ice cream, and it began to be a popular treat in the hot months of the year. (Zinger, 2012) Ancient people first began cooking on open fires. The cooking fires were put on the ground and later simple brick constructions were used to hold the wood. Simple ovens were used by the ancient Greeks for making bread and other baked goods. By the middle ages, taller brick and cement fireplaces, often with chimneys, were being built. The food to be cooked was placed in metal cauldrons that hung above the fire. The first written historical record of an oven being built refers to an oven built in 1490, in Alsace, France. To improve the ovens, fire chambers were invented that contained the wood fire, and holes were built into the top of these chambers that cooking pots with flat bottoms could be placed directly upon replacing the cauldron. Around 1728, cast iron ovens began to be made in quantity. These first ovens of German design were called Five-plate or Jamb stoves. Around 1800, Benjamin Thompson invented a working iron kitchen stove called the Rumford stove that was designed for very large working kitchens. However, the Rumford stove was too large from the average kitchen and inventors continued to improve their designs. Cast iron stoves continued to evolve, with iron gratings added to the cooking holes, and added chimneys and connecting flue pipes. Jordan Mott invented the first practical coal oven in 1833. British inventor, James Sharp patented a gas oven in 1826, the first semi-successful gas oven to appear on the market. It was not until the late 1920s and early 1930s that electric ovens began to compete with gas ovens, however, electric ovens were available as early as the 1890s. Some historians credit, Canadian Thomas Ahearn with inventing the first electric oven in 1882. The Carpenter Electric Heating Manufacturing Company invented an electric oven in 1891. In 1910, William Hadaway designed the first toaster made by Westinghouse, a horizontal combination toaster-cooker. (Bellis, 2012) In conclusion, I can only say that ice cream definitely doesn’t melt in the oven. But only if you cover it safely in egg whites mixture. On my first experiment, the ice cream melted partially and it wasn’t very successful. This is why I have repeated the experiment to get a different result. I only tried one recipe because the other ones take about 8 to 10 hours and I don’t have so much time available. The thing that went wrong on the first experiment I think was that the ice cream wasn’t insulated well enough. My second experiment went very well and I was happy about the results, but the last one was not much better than the first trial. This was because the ice cream slipped off the cookie. In summation; oven baked ice cream is definitely not an easy experiment and it takes practice to get a good outcome that tastes good and looks nice as well! Materials List – 3 or 4 large eggs – Vanilla ice cream – 1 large cookie – 113 grams of sugar – Large mixing bowl – Whisk or fork – Ice cream scoop or spoon – Cookie sheet – Aluminum foil – Oven Experimental Procedure 1. Extract the egg whites from the eggs. The egg white has to land in the bowl. 3. Use your whisk or fork to beat the egg-whites in the bowl, slowly adding in the sugar as you mix. Keep beating the egg whites and sugar until you have a glossy looking mixture. 4. Pre-heat your oven to 260 degrees Celsius 5. Line your cookie-sheet with the aluminum foil so that it covers the entire surface 6. Place your cookie on the center of the foil-lined cookie sheet 7. Take a big scoop of Ice Cream that is about the circumference of the cookie and place is in the egg white mixture. Make sure the ice cream is completely covered and submerged. 8. Take the ice cream from the mixture and place it on the cookie 9. When the oven is pre-heated, place the cookie sheet on the bottom rack 10. Bake the ice cream cookie until the ice cream starts to turn a golden brown, about 5 minutes. 11. Remove the ice cream cookie from the oven and allow a few minutes to cool. Data Analysis Trial| Result| Observation| 1| Bad| The ice cream almost completely melted and the egg whites mixture didn’t insulate properly. Some parts of the egg whites mixture turned a gold-brownish color, but some stayed white and didn’t bake properly. To improve: I need to put on more egg whites mixture. | 2| good| The ice cream barely melted and there was more left than in the experiment before. To improve: I need to leave it longer to bake. | 3| Ok| The ice cream didn’t completely melt but it slipped of the cookie which was not the point of the experiment, still it didn’t melt fully. I left it longer to bake as well. | Observations In the first experiment, I used vanilla ice cream while in the second I used chocolate and in the third I used strawberry. This change only affected the taste and did not change the procedure of the experiment. Also, by adding more and more egg whites, I noticed that the ice cream didn’t melt as fast or almost not at all. I kept the oven temperature the same and also the type of cookie. The â€Å"texture† of the outcome of the ice cream was always creamy and soft. The outsides were a slight golden brown but that is the result that is expected. Conclusions Experiment Conclusion Relating to my hypothesis, I can conclude that I predicted half correct and half wrong. First of all, two of my experiments failed and one trial worked out, so my hypothesis was only partly right. Secondly, it is probably quite hard to bake ice cream and it must take practice to get it right. I looked at different recipes as well, but all of them take about 8 – 10 hours and it is hard to record it that way and I can’t make my experiment last that long either. Unfortunately, I didn’t record my experiment in a video, but I have made a picture of my first trial. Overall Conclusion My overall conclusion is that I am very happy with my experiment. How did I come up with my experiment? I was looking through a website that had a whole list of experiments, and when I saw the â€Å"Oven baked ice cream† experiment, I was immediately interested, because it seemed impossible to me that something like that actually works out. So then I started doing some research and finally I used this as my experiment. My hypothesis was that the ice cream wouldn’t melt, because I believed that, if the experiment exists and is also served in restaurants it must work. I was really curious to try it out myself, and my outcomes were not too bad (except for my first try). It even tastes good. I think overall I am very pleased with my experiment and what I have achieved. I am glad that I chose this topic because it is interesting to research about and it is also really fun to bake. I have displayed a few pictures and a video too! It is really easy to make the ice cream—well at least from the recipe that I have found. It doesn’t work out straight away, but I think you need to personalize the recipe a little bit so that it suits your taste. I hope that we do a Science Fair next year again because I really enjoyed the planning and research, but I think to enjoy the preparation to science fair you have to choose a topic that really suits you and that you are actually interested in. So all in all, my opinion to science fair is that it is great fun and, even if this first time everyone was a little bit under time pressure, I think it worked out well and I hope that the actual day of science fair will reward our effort and hard work! Acknowledgements I would like to say thank you to my teachers Ms. Mullen and Ms. Phan for helping me in my science fair project. I would also like to thank my mum and my dad for helping me with my experiment. Last but not least I want to thank Ms. Wiedemann and Mr. Lenihan for giving up their lesson and letting us work on science fair. Bibliography Ehler, James T. â€Å"Baked Alaska. † Recipes for Sweet Comforts from the North Country. New York, New York: James T. Ehler, 2000. 143. , . . Print. Bellis, Mary. History of Ice Cream. Ed. Mary Bellis. about. com: Mary Bellis, 2011. 2. , . . Print. Bellis, Mary. History of the Oven. Ed. Mary Bellis. about. com: Mary Bellis, 2009. 3. , . . Print. http://farm4. static. flickr. com/3269/3107121731_69336f5e82_o. jpg â€Å"Baked Alaska. † Alaska Wild Berry Cookbook: 270 Recipes from the Far North. Alaska: Alaska Northwest Books, 2012. Print. http://www. zagblog. ch/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/icecream. jpg How to cite Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream, Essay examples

Practical Management of New Oral Anticoagulants

Question: Discuss about thePractical Management of New Oral Anticoagulants. Answer: Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism (AMPE) Surgery and other associated conditions pose a risk of developing clots and eventually develop acute massive pulmonary embolism. The operations involving the pelvis, the hip, knee among others are the commonest associated with AMPE. During Mrs. Langleys Left total hip replacement surgery, the coagulation cascade is activated due to the incisions made. Since major veins like the iliac vein are close, the clots may have dislodged into these deep veins and carried to the lungs causing more than 50% blockage thus massive pulmonary embolism ("Pulmonary embolism," 2016). If the surgery cannot be avoided, then the patients are given anticoagulants like heparin to lower the risk of developing clots during the procedure. The anticoagulants suppress the function or synthesis of different clotting factors like factor VIII, IX, XII, XI, and thrombin (Klauser Dtsch, 2013). The anticoagulant will dissolve the clots in the veins and eventually relieve the symptoms like SOB and tachycardia. Moreover, the complications of AMPE like infarctions, brain death and loss of consciousness (LOC) shall be avoided resulting in shortened recuperation period after surgery (Klauser Dtsch, 2013). References Klauser, W. Dtsch, M. (2013). Practical management of new oral anticoagulants after total hip or total knee arthroplasty.Musculoskelet Surg,97(3), 189-197. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12306-013-0306-8 Pulmonary embolism. (2016).Uptodate.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pulmonary-embolism-beyond-the-basics#H24

10 Fun Facts about the University of Pittsburgh

Are you a big Steelers fan? It’s hard not to be if you live in Pittsburgh, but I bet you’re equally excited about the Pitt Panthers. Learn more about the University of Pittsburgh with these 10 fun facts: 1. Ever wondered what that tall castle-like tower in Pittsburgh was? It’s not a church, but it is a Cathedral of Learning at UPitt! 2. Huge Shark Tank fan? There’s no need for me to introduce you to Mark Cuban then. He skipped his senior year of high school and went straight to UPitt, where he studied for a year before transferring out. 3. Just like how the Empire State Building in NYC changes its lights for special occasions, the upper section of the Cathedral of Learningilluminates gold with victory lights after a football team victory. 4. University of Pittsburgh used to be called the Western University of Pennsylvania before they obtained an alteration to its charter in 1908 to change its name. 5. Ever wondered why UPitt’s mascot is Roc the Panther? It wasn’t just chosen because it’s a fierce animal, but Panthers were once indigenous to the Pittsburgh region. 6. The Cathedral of Learning is the second tallest university building in the world. 7. Famous actor dancer, Gene Kelly, enrolled in UPitt to study economics in 1931. He was heavily involved with the university’s Cap Gown Club, which focuses on stage performances, during this time there. 8. UPitt’s Cathedral of Learning is such a landmark that it has been in many films including Sorority Row, Wonder Boys, and the Mothman Prophecies. 9. There’s a legend that says if couples kiss on the steps of Heinz Memorial Chapel, they are destined to be married there. 10. In 1952, Jonas Salk invented the worlds first polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh. Are you looking to apply to University of Pittsburghor just starting to build outyour college list? Make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to see essays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essays

Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essays Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Substance maltreatment sing with domestic force is a really high hazard amongst households. Either spouse imbibing can be a hazard into force, in which neither can keep their ain actions. Bing under the influence is the instability of your organic structure fluids, so one s actions ca nt be controlled easy. When households endure this force of substance abuse it can set a heavy load or give a positive mentality towards other to turn away from it. Children are at large hazard towards substance to either to follow or construct up a batch of choler within each other. In sample researches work forces from a domestic force intervention plan as it was found that matrimonial force was eight times more likely to happen on a twenty-four hours when the adult male had used intoxicant than on a nondrinking twenty-four hours ( Fals-Stewart, 2003 ) . Drugs other than intoxicant are besides linked to spouse force ( Kantor A ; Straus, 1989 ) . In a survey of 151 court-referred batterers, 53 % had used marihuanas and 24 % had used cocaine during the past twelvemonth ( Moore A ; Stuart, 2004 ) . A significant figure of these substance users were regular consumers, with about one in four ( 23 % ) utilizing marihuana at least four times a hebdomad. In add-on to distinguishing between substance usage and maltreatment, the consequence of intoxicant demands to be partitioned from drug usage since most users of illegal drugs besides use legal drugs, including intoxicant. Controling for the effects of intoxicant usage, ( Moore and Stuart ( 2004 ) ) found that drug u sage behaviour remained an independent forecaster of spouse force. A widespread of what sum to adumbrate spouse force ( IPV ) and what could be the effects for the victim, comes from a university research survey ( Campbell 1995 ) . , who says that repeated verbal maltreatment, such as blaming, roasting, dissing, cursing, shouting and humiliation, have long-run negative effects on a adult female s self-esteem and contributes to feeling of inutility, ineptitude, and self blame. Endangering to kill or physically harm a female spouse, her kids, other household members or pets establishes laterality and coercive power on the portion of the maltreater. As to my cognition the female spouse feels utmost panic, exposure, and impotence within the relationship. An abused adult female can experience incapacitated and stray, as green-eyed monster, possessiveness, and question about whereabouts and activities are commanding behaviours that can badly curtail a female spouse s independency and freedom ; this societal and fiscal isolation may go forth her dependent upon her maltreater for societal contact, money, and the necessities of life. ( Campbell 1995 ) states Emotional maltreatment can hold serious physical and psychological effects for adult females, including terrible depression, anxiousness, relentless concerns, back and limb jobs, and tummy upsets. Alcohol maltreatment in the partner was a primary cause of the presence and badness of maltreatment. Alcoholism is associated with legion ailments, as the addition of force non merely domestic but causes unequal parenting, sexual disfunction, general domestic strife and aggression. Work force with intoxicant jobs have to be a higher rate of force against their married womans and that they tend to bring down more frequent and deleterious assaults, other than a adult male who does non mistreat intoxicant. Stated by ( Johnson 2001 ) that it s non definitively that intoxicant because domestic force, it has systematically emerged as a hazard factor for spouse maltreatment in surveies that have specifically considered its part . A survey was shown that martially aggressive work forces were younger, exhibited more binge imbibing, more verbal aggression, greater intoxicant job badness, earlier intoxicant job oncoming and stronger beliefs that alcohol causes matrimonial jobs. Domestic force is more likely to happen peculiarly among younger work forces and work forces with an early oncoming of alcohol addiction. A research worker states that solitariness was related to matrimonial attitudes, peculiarly less liking, less familiarity, and greater communicating apprehensiveness among hubbies. In illustration an experience of confidant spouse force and its mental wellness effects are rather prevailing in India which is a civilization where gender differences are normative observed ( Varma 2007 ) . Wife slayings in India is said to take topographic point for economic ground, that Hindu work forces abandon or disassociate their married womans, or commit bigamy. To the research worker Rastogi and therly ( 2006 ) remark that dowery is exchanged in a bulk of Indian nuptialss among all societal categories, although its pattern became illegal in 1961. Families of the bride and groom negotiate transportation of assets to the groom and his household in exchange for get marrieding the bride, frequently within the context of an ordered matrimony. Dissatisfaction with the sum of dowery may ensue in maltreatment of the bride. There is psychological hurt among these adult females was most strongly associated with lower satisfaction with the soldierly relationship, presence of domestic force, lower frequence of male spouse s imbibing, lower perceived societal support from household, and more frequent efforts to get by with the spouse s imbibing. A higher grade of sexual coercion has been besides reported by the married womans of alkies. Sexual individuality struggles and unhealthy sexual and intimacy attitudes in such twosomes have been reported by Coleman ( 1987 ) . A survey was shown seven focal point groups were conducted between August and December of 2002. Participants included counsellors. Clinical supervisors and decision makers recruited from New York State-licensed substance maltreatment intervention plans. A staff member from the Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Service of New York State recruited participants by calling plan decision makers to inquire them to direct a staff member to a focal point group on IPV. Participants were recruited from dolophine hydrochloride care, residential, and outpatient twenty-four hours intervention plans. Two groups were conducted with counsellors from residential plans. The consequences were seven focal point groups with 41 staff members from 40 alone substance maltreatment intervention plans in New York City and Long Island, New York were conducted between August and December of 2002. Participants were chiefly adult females. Families where substance maltreatment occurs and households where adult female maltreatment occurs frequently portion features: intergenerational transmittal of the job, frequent crisis provinces, the maltreater faulting the spouse for his behaviour, the maltreater burying inside informations of the episode, isolation of the non opprobrious spouse, retarded emotional development in the household, impulsiveness and low self-pride among other household members, loss of control used as a header mechanism, and a short-run final payment in tenseness decrease ( Rogan 1985-1986 ) . Another confusing factor is victim poisoning and drug dependence. In instances of terrible force, there is small relationship between the victim s imbibing and banging. Even when commanding for intoxicant jobs in the male spouse, nevertheless, alcoholic adult females receive greater degrees of physical and verbal maltreatment than nonalcoholic adult females ( Miller, Downs, A ; Gondoli, 1989 ) . A adult female u tilizing drugs or intoxicant increases the likeliness that she will be battered, increases the likeliness that her male spouse will besides be imbibing when he batters her, and increases her opportunities of physical hurt. The substance maltreatment plans for beat-up adult female uses intervention study rates of childhood sexual maltreatment and confidant spouse force that far exceed those reported by adult female in general population. The usage or maltreatment of marihuana may be related to IPV in drug supportive environments or in environments where marihuana users are under day-to-day emphasis due to take down societal position and deficiency of income to back up one s household. Persons, who live in poorness, face racial favoritism, and face low rewards and deficiency of promotion due to dropping out of high school live in a really nerve-racking environment where the battle of day-to-day endurance may take its toll, as societal structural theory of force argues ( Cunradi et al. 2002 ) . Surveies have found that adult females populating in poorness are peculiarly vulnerable to and hold much higher rates of IPV victimization. Besides, unemployed batterers and high school dropouts are more likely to perpetrate injury-related IPV ( Cunradi et al. 2002 ; Kyriacou et Al. 1999 ; Johnson 2000, 2001 ) . Womans with lower household incomes frequently face extra challenges, such as deficiency of child-care, occupation accomplishments, high school grade, which make them more dependent on their maltreater. Persons holding a low societal position may besides turn to drugs and intoxicant to get by with the day-to-day emphasis, which in bend green goodss emphasis by utilizing their limited money for self-medication instead than to back up their household. In decision the survey of substance maltreatment is really high hazard in soldierly twosomes. As different civilizations have different functions in matrimony domestic force is still high. Not merely intoxicant is a substance, but besides drug maltreatment is besides a factor.

Fashion analyse Christian Dior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion analyse Christian Dior - Essay Example The essay "Fashion analyse Christian Dior" investigates the high fashion couture of Christian Dior, and examine their production and distribution processes. The Christian Dior/ LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy) global retail business in fashion wear and consumer products conduct international sales of 83.4%. It’s triad presence is 35% in its home base in the European Union, another 31.3% in Asia, and 26% in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). The Autumn/ Winter 2009 (AW09) Couture collection from Christian Dior was presented without extravagant sets or huge crowds. The classic wasp-waisted silhouette of Dior’s New Look (Pochna 124) aunched in 1947 as Christian Dior’s first Spring-Summer collection was the basis for the new couture collection for AW09 (as seen in Figure 1. above and Figure 2. below). John Galliano, the influential fashion designer leading the creative team at Christian Dior projected the collection against a traditional background remini scent of the 1950s. Hip-emphasizing basques, girdles, lace-edged slips, and petticoats† were further enhanced to form brightly coloured adaptations. The outcome was reworked â€Å"Bar peplum jackets, draped bubble skirts, padded-hip coats, and full-skirted evening gowns†, which were highlighted with warm colours such as orange, lime, raspberry and yellow, while at the same time the flesh tones of fifties under-things formed a soothing contrast. The collection did not appear to have much novelty, and was not even mildly shocking.

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from all 3 article Essay

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from all 3 article together) - Essay Example ve perception of the nursing profession and unsatisfactory working conditions particularly played a critical role in influencing the decisions for most nurses to leave the nursing field. From the study findings, Gok and Kicaman (2011) concluded that strategies aimed at addressing the high turnover rates in nursing needed to apply a multidimensional perspective in the improvement of working conditions in the nursing field. The article by Kalisch, Lee and Rochman (2010), investigates the role of staff and unit characteristics as well as teamwork in influencing job satisfaction among the nursing staff. The study involved 3675 nurses drawn from five hospitals and 80 patient care units who participated in a teamwork survey. The analysis of the survey results revealed a strong association between occupational satisfaction and the levels of teamwork in the working environment. Other factors such as job title, current position, and gender further influenced the levels of job satisfaction in the nursing field. The patient unit in which the nurses served also influenced their levels of job satisfaction. Kalisch, Lee and Rochman (2010) concluded that high levels of teamwork, adequate staffing and the care patient units contribute to enhanced job satisfaction hence the need to promote teamwork in the nursing field. The article written by Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, and Cruz (2010) explores the association between work engagement, dedication, assimilation, vigor, and job satisfaction. The study entailed 412 nurses who participated in work engagement surveys, an ad hoc survey and response to general health questions. The study reveals that 65.5% met the criteria for anxiety, 10% for severe depression, and 49% the somatic symptoms criteria (Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, & Cruz, 2010). About 33% of the participants expressed high dedication, about 20% had high vigor and approximately 36% expressed high absorption (Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, & Cruz, 2010). The reported levels were

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay Language assessment is an instrument for language teachers to identify the students strengths and weaknesses in language learning, to place the student into a program and to measure the use of English in four basic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking). The assessment can be done by such methods as tests, interviews, or observations. For language teachers, the tests provide evidence of the results of learning and instruction, and hence feedback on the effectiveness of the teaching program (Bachman Palmer, 1996, p. 8). The test results enable the students to develop their performance in language learning effectively. In addition, it is very important to select the most suitable language tests which respond to the specific goals of teaching. Language teachers should also understand the functions and the characteristics of the language tests thoroughly. Many practitioners and researchers in language testing (Bachman Palmer, 1996; Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000) categorize four kinds of language tests based on the test purposes and functions as follows: (1) Proficiency Tests are designed to measure general language skills, including speaking, listening, reading and writing. In addition, proficiency tests generally help teachers to set up entrance and exit standards for a curriculum (Brown, 1996, p. 9). For instance, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are currently used by many universities where English language proficiency is required. (2) Achievement Tests are aimed at the degree of learning or how much progress the students have made (McNamara, 2000). So achievement tests are directly relevant to the goals of learning and instruction. These tests can be given in the middle or at the end of the program (Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). (3) Diagnostic Tests are established to analyze the students strengths and weaknesses in the learning process (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). These tests are conducted at the beginning of the program (Brown, 1996). (4) Placement Tests are focused on screening the students to see whether they can study in a program and grouping the students in the same level of language proficiency (Hughes, 2003). Hence, the results of these tests will enable the teachers to accurately place the students entering any institution or program (Bachman Palmer, 1996). In addition to a clear understanding of the functions and the characteristics of language tests, language teachers have to understand the construction of those tests. There are two approaches which have an influence on test construction: the discrete-point approach and the integrative approach (Hughes, 2003). For the discrete-point approach, language teachers view each language component separately, measuring one language skill at a time, such as testing grammar or vocabulary (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). In language testing, discrete-point tests emphasize language form rather than language use (McNamara, 2000). However, the discrete-point test results focusing on a single language component are inadequate to determine the students language proficiency (Jitendra Rohena-Diaz, 1996). As a consequence, Oller (1979) suggests that teachers should construct language tests using the integrative approach instead. In the integrative approach, the language teachers view language as a whole, emphasizing both productive and receptive skills (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). Integrative tests, such as cloze, dictation, writing an essay, and interview, can measure several skills simultaneously (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). Moreover, integrative tests are suitable for assessing language proficiency and communicative skills (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). McNamara (2000) contends that integrative tests take a lot of time to construct and score, as shown in Table 1. However, cloze tests are reported to be less time consuming, easier to score, and more reliable in measuring students English language proficiency (Oller, 1979). The cloze test was initiated by Taylor (1953, cited in Oller Conrad, 1971). Originally, there were two kinds of cloze tests: a rational cloze and a random cloze (see Example 1). The former refers to the deletion of specific types of words in a selected passage, such as prepositions or articles. The latter deals with a consistent deletion of every nth word, such as every fifth or seventh word. The students task is to fill in the deleted part in the cloze passage. Cloze tests can measure grammatical structure, written expression and vocabulary as well as reading comprehension (Steinman, 2002). In addition, some studies (Aitken, 1977; Oller Conrad, 1971; Oller, 1979; Stubbs Tucker, 1974) indicate that the cloze test is an effective instrument which is reliable and valid to measure English language proficiency. But the different deletion rates have an effect on the validity and the measurement of the cloze test (Alderson, 1979, 1980, 1983, 2000). Klein-Braley (1997) adds that the dele tion rates used in cloze tests require long passages. If a cloze test with the deletion of every fifth word provides 50 items, the text length should be at least 250 words (Oller, 1979). This problem has led to the development a new form of the cloze test which is called the C-Test. The C-Test, one of the new cloze tests, was constructed by Raatz and Klein-Braley (1981) in order to see if it could be more effective than the original cloze tests in measuring the students English language proficiency. The construction of the C-Test is based on the same principle as that of the cloze test; however, only the second half of every second word is deleted as can be seen in Example 2. In the C-Test, if the deleted word contains an even number of letters, the second half of this word will be deleted, such as exper i e n c e (10 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part must be deleted, such as th e r e (5 letters). Moreover, many research studies indicate that the C-Test is more effective and more reliable than the original cloze (Connelly, 1997; DÃ ¶rnyei Katona, 1992; Klein-Braley, 1985, 1997), and yet, DÃ ¶rnyei and Katona (1992) report that the C-Test is too difficult for non-native students studying a target language such as English. As a result, Thongsa-nga (1998) adopted the original C-Test to make it suitable for Thai students studying English as a foreign language. Imitating the C-Test construction, Thongsa-nga (1998) proposed the New C-Test (the NC-Test) by deleting the second half of every third word in order to provide more clues for the non-native test takers, as can be seen in Example 2. According to the investigation of Thongsa-nga (1998), the NC-Test is employed as a proficiency test for non-native students at a secondary school level. The findings reveal that the NC-Test is reliable to assess the English language proficiency of these Thai Mathayomsuksa Six students. As far as this researcher has been able to establish, there has been no research investigating the use of the NC-Test for non-native university students in Thailand. So the present study is designed to examine the similarities and the differences in using the C-Test and the NC-Test in measuring the English language proficiency of first-yea r Thai undergraduate students. Another form of the cloze test, the Modified C-Test (the MC-Test), also known as the X-Test, was invented by Boonsathorn in 1987 (cited in Boonsathorn, 1990, p. 46). For the MC-Test, the first half of every second word is deleted (see Example 3). In the MC-Test, if the total number letters of the deleted word is an even number, the first half of this word will be deleted, such as d i s a gree (8 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part will be deleted, such as o t h er. According to Boonsathorn (1987), the first half deletion in the MC-Test compares with the C-Test. His study reports that the MC-Test is more difficult and discriminates better than the C-Test. Some research findings show that the MC-Test has high reliability and validity and can be used with advanced students (KÃ ¶berl Sigott, 1996; Prapphal, 1994; Sigott KÃ ¶berl, 1993; Wonghiransombat, 1998). So the MC-Test should be further investigated to see its strengths and weaknesses in assessing English language skills. The MC-Test can be an alternative type for a better assessment of the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students, although the study of Sigott and KÃ ¶berl (1993) claims that the MC-Test is more difficult for non-native speakers. Wonghiransombat (1998) then proposed the New Modified C-Test (the NMC-Test) in order to make the original MC-Test appropriate for non-native students (p. 23). The construction of the NMC-Test is based on the same principle as the MC-Test; however, the first half of every third word is deleted to provide more clues as shown in Example 3. In addition, Wonghiransombat (1998) reports that the NMC-Test with the third starting point, or the third-word deletion, is easier and has better discrimination than the original MC-Test. Her study, the only research done in Thailand to examine the use of the MC-Test and the NMC-Test at the postgraduate level, also shows that the NMC-Test can be utilized to measure English language proficiency of Thai postgraduate students. Therefore, the present study is also aimed at examining the similarities and the differences in using the original MC-Test and the NMC-Test in measuring English language proficiency of the Thai undergraduate students. In addition to the construction of new language tests, language teachers should further investigate the students test-taking strategies in order to validate the language test and to examine what language abilities the test can measure (Cohen, 1994, 1998). Test-taking strategies can be defined as the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to them (Cohen, 1998, p. 216). For instance, some students read an entire cloze passage before filling in the missing parts (Cohen, 1998). Moreover, the perceptions of language tests and test-taking strategies of the students with high- or low-language-ability are different (Cohen, 1984; Sasaki, 2000; Yamashita, 2003). As far as the present researcher has been able to determine, there has been no investigation in Thailand on cloze test-taking strategies. Therefore, cloze comp letion processes are also included in this study to examine the strategies used in taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NC-Test, and the NMC-Test for non-native undergraduate students. In conclusion, this research is aimed at comparing the new cloze formats (the NMC-Test and the NC-Test) with the older cloze formats (the MC-Test and the C-Test) and to examine the similarities and the differences in these four tests for Thai undergraduate students. Also, this study focuses on examining what test-taking strategies or procedures the students use while responding to the different types of cloze tests. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The present study aims to investigate the differences in the four types of the cloze tests by comparing the use of the MC-Test with that of NMC-Test, and the use of the C-Test with that of the NC-Test. In order to understand the cloze test-taking strategies, the study is also designed to find out to what extent undergraduate students use seven test-taking strategies while answering the different types of cloze tests. The strategies are based on the latest categorization of Sasaki (2000). The new cloze tests including the C-Test, the NC-Test, the MC-Test, and the NMC-Test were taken by first-year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of academic year 2003. Therefore, the research questions are posed as follows: Does the NMC-Test yield different results from the original MC-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does the NC-Test yield different results from the original C-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does using every third-word deletion of the NMC-Test and the NC-Test affect the discrimination power of the test? What test-taking strategies do the first-year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Science at Mahidol University use while taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NMC-Test, and the NC-Test? 1.3 Significance of the Study This study is designed to compare the new cloze formats, including the original C-Test with the NC-Test, and the original MC-Test with the NMC-Test. The results of this study may provide an alternative way for language teachers to measure the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students learning EFL. Test-taking strategies are also studied to enable the language teachers to understand how effectively the students respond to the new types of cloze passage. 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study (1) The study is limited to first year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of the academic year 2003. The results cannot be generalized to other students, at other university levels, and in other areas. (2) The study focuses on first-year science students with high- and low-language-ability based on the English Entrance Examination scores, which were reported by the coordinator of the science program. (3) Only exact word scoring is employed in this study. (4) It is assumed that all of the first-year science students have had some background knowledge of English up to Mathayomsuksa Six. 1.5 Definitions of Terms Cloze test refers to a test in which the entire words are rationally or randomly deleted and the student is asked to fill in the missing words (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). C-Test is a test in which the second part or the second half of every second word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990; Klein-Braley, 1985). New C-Test (NC-Test) is a test in which the second part or the second half of every third word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the missing parts (Thongsa-nga, 1998). New Modified C-Test (NMC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every third word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the missing parts (Wonghiransombat, 1998). Modified C-Test (MC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every second word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). Readability refers to how easily written materials can be read and understood. Readability depends on many factors, including (a) the average length of sentences in a passage, (b) the number of new words a passage contains, and (c) the grammatical complexity of the language used. Procedures used for measuring readability are known as readability formulae (Richards, Platt, Platt, 1993, p. 306). Test-taking strategies are the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to the test (Cohen, 1998, p. 216).

Factory Overhead Allocation Method

Overhead Allocation [pic] Overhead Allocation Overview In many businesses, the cost of overhead is substantially greater than direct costs, so the cost accountant must expend considerable attention on the proper method of allocating overhead to inventory. There are two types of overhead, which are administrative overhead and manufacturing overhead. Administrative overhead includes those costs not involved in the development or production of goods or services, such as the costs of front office administration and sales; this is essentially all overhead that is not included in manufacturing overhead.Manufacturing overhead is all of the costs that a factory incurs, other than direct costs. You need to allocate the costs of manufacturing overhead to any inventory items that are classified as work-in-process or finished goods. Overhead is not allocated to raw materials inventory, since the operations giving rise to overhead costs only impact work-in-process and finished goods inventory.The following items are usually included in manufacturing overhead: |Depreciation of factory equipment |Quality control and inspection | |Factory administration expenses |Rent, facility and equipment | |Indirect labor and production supervisory wages |Repair expenses | |Indirect materials and supplies |Rework labor, scrap and spoilage | |Maintenance, factory and production equipment |Taxes related to production assets | |Officer salaries related to production |Uncapitalized tools and equipment | |Production employees’ benefits |Utilities | Definition of ‘Applied Overhead'A type of overhead that is recorded under the cost-accounting method. Applied overhead is a fixed charged to a specific production job or department within a company. Applied overhead stands in contrast to general overhead, such as utilities or rent. Other forms of applied overhead include depreciation and insurance Definition of Actual Overhead: The actual overhead refers to the indirect manufacturing c osts actually occurring and recorded. These include the manufacturing costs of electricity, gas, water, rent, property tax, production supervisors, depreciation, repairs, maintenance, and more. The applied overhead refers to the indirect manufacturing costs that have been assigned to the goods manufactured.Manufacturing overhead is usually applied, assigned, or allocated by using a predetermined annual overhead rate. For example, a manufacturer might estimate that in its upcoming accounting year there will be $2,000,000 of manufacturing overhead and 40,000 machine hours. As a result, this manufacturer sets its predetermined annual overhead rate at $50 per machine hour. Since the future overhead costs and future number of machine hours were not known with certainty, and since the actual machine hours will not occur uniformly throughout the year, there will always be a difference between the actual overhead costs incurred and the amount of overhead applied to the manufactured goods.Ho pefully, the differences will be minimal at the end of the accounting year. APPLIED Overhead is computed using the predetermined overhead rate and is the amount of costs applied (or estimated) to be allocated (needed) for specific jobs. ACTUAL Overhead is found after the manufacturing process is complete which gives the actual amount of used/consumed resources (or total costs) that it needed to complete the job. The two amounts can then be compared afterward which is known as Under- or Overapplied Manufacturing Overhead. When Manufacturing Overhead has a DEBIT balance, overhead is said to be UNDERAPPLIED, meaning that the overhead applied to work in process or to the certain job is LESS than the overhead incurred.On the contrary, when manufacturing overhead has a CREDIT balance, overhead is OVERAPPLIED, meaning that the overhead assigned to work in process or to the certain job is GREATER than the overhead incurred. The typical procedure for allocating overhead is to accumulate all manufacturing overhead costs into one or more cost pools, and to then use an activity measure to apportion the overhead costs in the cost pools to inventory. Thus, the overhead allocation formula is: Cost pool / Total activity measure = Overhead allocation per unit You can allocate overhead costs by any reasonable measure, as long as it is consistently applied across reporting periods. Common bases of allocation are direct labor hours charged against a product, or the amount of machine hours used during the production of a product.The amount of allocation charged per unit is known as the overhead rate. The overhead rate can be expressed as a proportion, if both the numerator and denominator are in dollars. For example, ABC Company has total indirect costs of $100,000 and it decides to use the cost of its direct labor as the allocation measure. ABC incurs $50,000 of direct labor costs, so the overhead rate is calculated as: $100,000 Indirect costs $50,000 Direct labor The result is a n overhead rate of 2. 0. Alternatively, if the denominator is not in dollars, then the overhead rate is expressed as a cost per allocation unit. For example, ABC Company decides to change its allocation measure to hours of machine time used.ABC has 10,000 hours of machine time usage, so the overhead rate is now calculated as: $100,000 Indirect costs 10,000 Machine hours The result is an overhead rate of $10. 00 per machine hour. If the basis of allocation does not appear correct for certain types of overhead costs, it may make more sense to split the overhead into two or more overhead cost pools, and allocate each cost pool using a different basis of allocation. For example, if warehouse costs are more appropriately allocated based on the square footage consumed by various products, then store warehouse costs in a warehouse overhead cost pool, and allocate these costs based on square footage used.Thus, far we have assumed that only actual overhead costs incurred are allocated. Howev er, it is also possible to set up a standard overhead rate that you continue to use for multiple reporting periods, based on long-term expectations regarding how much overhead will be incurred and how many units will be produced. If the difference between actual overhead costs incurred and overhead allocated is small, you can charge the difference to the cost of goods sold. If the amount is material, then allocate the difference to both the cost of goods sold and inventory. Definition of ‘Cost Of Goods Sold – COGS' The direct costs attributable to the production of the goods sold by a company.This amount includes the cost of the materials used in creating the good along with the direct labor costs used to produce the good. It excludes indirect expenses such as distribution costs and sales force costs. COGS appears on the income statement and can be deducted from revenue to calculate a company's gross margin. Also referred to as â€Å"cost of sales. † Our consent over The Topic: To determine the cost of goods we have to determine the factory overhead. Cost of goods are included all the costs occurred during the production including direct and indirect material, labor and all the factory overhead costs. We use allocation method to determine the factory overhead costs.If we can’t determine the factory overhead costs we can’t find out the actual cost of the goods those are produced and the sale value we can’t determine correctly. Because cost of a good is consisted with factory overhead costs. Factory overhead expenses should be determined otherwise understated rate of a good can occur. Because if we can’t determine the factory overhead costs we can’t actually determine the cost of a good that is prepared for sale. Allocation methods are used to determine factory overhead costs. Organizations use Applied or Actual factory overhead allocation methods to determine the Factory overhead costs. Cost of goods are li ed with these factory overhead costs.So if we need to determine the amount in which we need to sale a good we need to determine it’s total manufacturing costs. Otherwise loss will occur. Conclusion: Cost of Goods sold is actually related with sales. And Allocation method is used to determine the factory overhead costs which is necessary to determine the costs o a good. We need to determine the factory overhead before the goods are sold. Because without calculating the factory overhead we can’t determine the costs of a good and can’t determine the amount in which we need to sale that good. That’s why we use Allocation method to determine the factory overhead better than charging or crediting the difference to COGS.

Effects of Rising Technology Essay

In the twenty first century, evolution and constant use of technology have greatly impacted humans, and their ways to approaching media. Many people believe that technology has improved the quality of life of the people at a great depth, while others see it as a force that has escaped from human control. Modern technology such as Internet, may help people solve problems or gather information faster than an ordinary human being is capable of. At the same time, it can also destroy one’s social life and interactions with humans if proper balance is not maintained. While people’s thoughts regarding the two sides are intriguing, the question is, are the negative effects gradually outnumbering the positive ones? In the essay â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† written by Nicholas Carr, and â€Å"The Multitasking Generation† by Claudia Wallis, we are presented with ways in which technology affects the daily lifestyle of human being. Even though both authors perceive some of the beneficial uses of modern technology, they ultimately pinpoint the negative effects of it to a large extent. While the bad effects remain constant between both authors, they introduce different aspects of ways humans are being affected – Carr, emphasizing on how technology (Internet in this case) has drastically changed the way humans acquire and present information, and Wallis, focusing on how technology (Media Multitasking) deteriorates social interactions among humans. In today’s world, uses of technology have become far more efficient than ever, and it is only increasing. Internet itself alone, has marched onto becoming the modern power source of simplicity and efficiency. When one hears about ‘efficiency’, a concept of getting a lot done with less amount of time spent, triggers to his mind. In other words, saving time while getting the maximum work done is the key, and that is what Internet delivers to human. In â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid†, Carr expresses his convenience of using Internet to do his research, â€Å"Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes† (Carr 1-2). He acknowledges the fact that Internet makes his job as a writer easier, by saying that Internet is giving out information faster than before. The benefits are not only limited to easy access of Internet. The Internet is also taking over people’s daily life rather quickly as it can be programmed to perform certain functions of any information processing device. â€Å"It’s becoming our map, our clock, our printing press, and our typewriter, our calculator, and our telephone, and our radio and TV† (Carr 4), says Carr, as he refers to some of the devices used everyday, to explain the concept of Internet being a powerful computing system. Wallis, in the article â€Å"The Multitasking Generation†, also reflects on some positive effects of technology. Through the concept of â€Å"media multitasking†, or â€Å"listening to iTunes, watching a DVD and IMing friends all at the same time† (Wallis 3) to mention a few, Wallis refers to kids being able to absorb multiple tasks simultaneously, while possibly serving the kids with some benefits. One might be curious to ask how can technologies such as media be beneficial to children? Surprisingly, according to Wallis, â€Å"Piers†, the fourteen years old son in the Coxes family, â€Å"repairs the family computers and DVD player. † â€Å"Bronte†, Piers’ twin sister, â€Å"uses digital technology to compose elaborate photo collages and create a documentary of her father’s ongoing treatment for cancer† (Wallis 3). In the quote, Wallis expresses the fact that even children today, are aware of the beneficial power of technology, and they are quite capable of taking full advantage of it. While both authors present some of the positive effects of technology, as mentioned above, to us, each of them addresses different issues on how exactly uses of technology and technological improvements negatively impact human life. As people become addicted to the valuable web efficiency, it turns out that the Internet serves to be quite harmful towards human cognition in such that it diminishes the capacity of human concentration and contemplation. As Carr says in â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid†, â€Å"media supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought† (Carr 2). In other words, Internet is controlling and changing the way we think or consume information and thus, flattering our own intelligence into â€Å"artificial intelligence† (Carr 8). People nowadays are so used to the information provided by the Internet that they do not rely on their own knowledge or think on their own like they used to prior to the advent of Internet. An instance that reflects this idea of self-manipulation is shown in Carr’s own statement, â€Å"Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski† (Carr 2). Even though Carr does not go onto to say that he is becoming vacuous, he believes that his mind is changing due to spending so much time on the web over the last several years. Before, he was very much engaged into reading and deep thinking, whereas now he does not have the patience to do so. Skimming seems to be the fast and efficient way to get over it. Carr’s notion demonstrates people’s inability to absorb any lengthy texts because of excessive access to media, indicating to the negative impacts that media have on humans. Although Wallis in â€Å"The Multitasking Generation† implies a similar concept of negative effects of technology on humans as Carr, Wallis follows a different aspect to address the issue. While multitasking allows activities to be done in parallel in an attempt to achieve the possible outcomes more efficiently, it is for the most part, both physically and mentally impossible to do multiple tasks at the same time with accuracy. To add that to a large extent, the way it affects humans is that it deteriorates people’s ability to interact with each other in the society. â€Å"The mental habit of dividing one’s attention into many small slices has significant implications for the way young people learn, reason, socialize†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wallis 3), indicates multitasking as the factor, which young generations today are not aware of, the fact that they are being transitioned to a darker side of the society. Even the parents confess, â€Å"we don’t get out together to have a social life† (Wallis 3), clearly expressing their feelings towards the changes that are being caused by advanced technology. And while people are shifting to these changes, society is being affected as a whole. As usage of modern technology is prospering, the simplicity and efficiency in life are also rising. However, as people move on, there will be many controversies over the excessive usages of technology in form of media. There will be more concerns on whether the negative effects will override the positive effects sometime in the future. As of now, both Carr and Wallis emphasize on the negative impacts of technology on humans; however, Carr conveys that technology negatively manipulates people’s way of thinking and absorbing information, while Wallis believes that technology reduces people’s ability to focus on certain tasks and interaction with others in the society.

The Baseline Theory, And Game Theory - 1102 Words

by Jon Von Neumann, although that development involved a number of many scholars who thought collectively way back in the 1950s (Hart, 2015). The model has further been taken global with such figures like Jean Tirole, who received global attention for the Nobel Memorial Prize award in 2011. The baseline theory, and game theory are applicable in business contexts as it did for Glasberg et al (2014) research case study. For the problem statement given above, game theory stands high applicable chances based on the idea that any business has to weigh the risks involved before considering a particular strategy (Blonski Spagnolo, 2015). Cloud computing is part of the technologies seen important in the contemporary business context. This, however, is accompanied by many risks and any organization has to determine such risks, and identify who loses and who gains in the undertaken risk. Envisioned Study3 The envisioned study is based on the same idea. For example, if the cloud computing technology violates the health care restrictions, then the organization will lose in the process. With relevant application of risk management strategies, it is possible to handle the risk in the most appropriate way such that whoever gains ends up gaining little. Apparently, Glasberg and his colleagues developed the idea of crisis management such that businesses may end up incurring little or no losses in case the risk takes a negative course (Blonski Spagnolo, 2015). The health care system isShow MoreRelatedRevised Curriculum for Project ALERT Essay examples870 Words   |  4 Pagesareas over the fall of 1997 to spring of 1999. The Project ALERT utilized three theories of behavioral change. The study was based on the social influence model of prevention. Project ALERT used the health belief model, which aimed at cognitive factors that influenced healthy behavior. 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